Canada has long been a destination for foreign nationals looking to expand their careers and gain valuable work experience. Whether you are planning to work temporarily or permanently, understanding the types of Canadian work permits, the application process, timing, and costs involved is key. In this detailed guide, we will cover everything you need to know about the various types of work visas in Canada.
What is a Canadian Work Visa?
A Canadian work visa is a legal authorization for foreign nationals to work in Canada. Depending on the job offer, employment sector, or specific eligibility, there are various types of work permits available.
Types of Canadian Work Permits
Canada provides different work permits based on whether a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is required or if the permit is tied to a specific employer. Here’s a detailed breakdown of each type:
- Closed Work Permits (Employer-Specific Work Permits)
Closed work permits, also known as employer-specific work permits, are tied to a specific employer. This means you can only work for the employer listed on your permit. If you want to switch jobs, you must apply for a new permit.
Eligibility:
A valid job offer from a Canadian employer is required.
LMIA Requirement:
Most closed work permits require a positive LMIA from the employer. The LMIA proves that no qualified Canadian worker is available for the job.
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Categories
1. Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP):
A program that allows employers to hire foreign workers to fill temporary labor shortages. An LMIA is required.
2. Facilitated LMIA (Quebec):
For employers in Quebec who need to hire foreign workers in certain occupations, the LMIA process is expedited.
3. Global Talent Stream: Employers in certain high-demand tech jobs can hire workers quickly through this stream, with LMIA processing in as little as two weeks.
- LMIA-Exempt Work Permits
These permits do not require an LMIA but still require a valid job offer or employment contract. They are typically for special categories such as international agreements or intra-company transfers.
Eligibility:
Specific job offers or circumstances (like company transfers) qualify for this type.
Categories
1. International Mobility Program (IMP):
Exempts employers from needing an LMIA, but a job offer is still required.
2. NAFTA (now CUSMA) Work Permits:
Allow U.S. and Mexican citizens to work in Canada without an LMIA under the Canada-U.S.-Mexico Agreement.
3. Intra-Company Transfers:
For employees who are transferred to a Canadian branch of the company they already work for in another country.
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Open work permits allow foreign nationals to work for any Canadian employer without the need for a specific job offer or LMIA. This type offers flexibility as you are not tied to one employer.
Eligibility:
Usually granted to spouses of foreign workers, students, or under specific immigration programs.
LMIA Requirement:
No LMIA or job offer is needed.
Categories
1. Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP):
Issued to graduates from a Canadian post-secondary institution, allowing them to gain work experience.
2. Spousal Open Work Permit:
Spouses of international students or foreign workers can work anywhere in Canada with this permit.
3. International Experience Canada (IEC):
Also known as the working holiday visa, this program allows young individuals from partner countries to work in Canada temporarily.
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4. Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP):
For those applying for permanent residence, this permit allows them to continue working while waiting for a decision.
How to Apply for a Canadian Work Permit?
The application process varies based on the type of work permit. Here’s the process to apply for a Canadian work visa.
1. Determine Your Eligibility
Your first step is figuring out which work permit applies to your situation. Closed permits often require an LMIA, while open permits usually do not.
2. Gather the Required Documents
Make sure to collect all the necessary documents:
- A valid passport
- Proof of job offer or LMIA (if applicable)
- Completed application forms
- CV or resume
- Medical exam results (if needed)
- Biometrics (fingerprints and photos)
- Proof of financial means
3. Submit Your Application
Applications can be submitted online through the IRCC website or by paper. Online applications tend to be processed faster.
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4. Complete Biometrics and Medical Exams
Certain applicants will need to complete biometrics and undergo medical exams depending on the job and country of residence.
5. Await Processing
Processing times vary by the type of permit and where you are applying from. Online submissions are usually faster.
6. Receive Your Permit
If your application is approved, you will receive your work permit either by mail or at the port of entry, depending on where you applied from.
Cost of Canadian Work Visas
The costs of Canadian work permits vary depending on the type of permit you are applying for:
- Closed Work Permit: $155 CAD per person
- Open Work Permit: $255 CAD per person
- Biometrics: $85 CAD per person
- Medical Exams: Costs vary based on location
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Additional fees may apply for restoration of work permits or special job categories.
Processing Times for Canadian Work Visas
Processing times for work permits depend on the type of permit and the applicant’s country of residence. Here is the general timeline.
- Closed Work Permits with LMIA: 1 to 6 months
- Open Work Permits: 1 to 3 months
- LMIA Processing: 2 to 5 months for regular LMIAs, 2 to 3 months for Quebec’s simplified LMIA, and as fast as 2 weeks for the Global Talent Stream.
It is important to apply well in advance to avoid delays.